The velocity V is still pointing downward. The velocity V and acceleration a (equal to g) both continue to point downward. It continues to fall vertically downward under the influence of gravity. In this stage, the ball begins to make contact with the surface.
(Note that the acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.8 m/s 2, on earth). The magnitude of a is equal to g, in the absence of air resistance. In this stage, the ball falls vertically downward under the influence of gravity ( g). Let's further assume that the ball has uniform density, which means that point C of the ball coincides with its center of mass. Let's define the geometric center of the ball as point C, the velocity of point C as V, and the acceleration of point C as a. To simplify the discussion let's assume that the bounce surface is hard (rigid), and that air resistance is negligible. In this explanation, the bouncing ball physics will be broken down into seven distinct stages, in which the ball motion (before, during, and after impact) is analyzed.
To begin this explanation let's first consider what happens to a typical rubber ball that is dropped vertically onto a flat horizontal surface, and which falls under the influence of gravity.
But what isn't known to most is what is specifically happening to the ball before, during, and after its brief impact with the surface.
Normally we don't think about the physics of bouncing balls too much as it's fairly obvious what is happening – the ball basically rebounds off a surface at a speed proportional to how fast it is thrown. These principles will be discussed.Īlmost everybody, at some point in their lives, has bounced a rubber ball against the wall or floor and observed its motion. Bouncing ball physics is an interesting subject of analysis, demonstrating several interesting dynamics principles related to acceleration, momentum, and energy.
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